Formulas of Common Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are used in many chemical reactions. They are responsible for most color change reaction and are used to adjust the pH of chemical solutions. Here are the names of some of the common acids and bases and the formulas associated with them. Formulas of  Binary Acids A binary compound consists of two elements. Binary acids have the prefix hydro in front of the full name of the nonmetallic element. They have the ending -ic. Examples include hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric acid includes: Hydrofluoric Acid - HFHydrochloric Acid - HClHydrobromic Acid - HBrHydroiodic Acid - HIHydrosulfuric Acid - H2S Formulas of Ternary Acids Ternary acids commonly contain hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen. The name of the most common form of the acid consists of the nonmetal root name with the -ic ending.  The acid containing one less oxygen atom than the most common form is designated by the -ous ending. An acid containing one less oxygen atom than the -ous acid has the prefix hypo- and the -ous ending. The acid containing one more oxygen than the most common acid has the per- prefix and the -ic ending. Nitric Acid  - HNO3Nitrous Acid - HNO2Hypochlorous Acid - HClOChlorous Acid - HClO2Chloric Acid - HClO3Perchloric Acid - HClO4Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4Sulfurous Acid  - H2SO3Phosphoric Acid - H3PO4Phosphorous Acid - H3PO3Carbonic Acid - H2CO3Acetic Acid - HC2H3O2Oxalic Acid - H2C2O4Boric Acid - H3BO3Silicic Acid - H2SiO3 Formulas of Common Bases Here are the formulas for 11 common bases: Sodium Hydroxide  - NaOHPotassium Hydroxide - KOHAmmonium Hydroxide - NH4OHCalcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2Magnesium Hydroxide - Mg(OH)2Barium Hydroxide - Ba(OH)2Aluminum Hydroxide - Al(OH)3Ferrous Hydroxide or Iron (II) Hydroxide - Fe(OH)2Ferric Hydroxide or Iron (III) Hydroxide - Fe(OH)3Zinc Hydroxide - Zn(OH)2Lithium Hydroxide - LiOH

African Transformation from 1865-1920 - 1832 Words

The Progression of African Americans from 1865 to 1920 America has changed, as a whole, throughout this time period. There have been many different presidents, elections, wars and other world issues. These factors contribute to the drastic change in America and to the American people. African Americans have gone through many different changes other than those of the other races. With the end of the Civil War, African Americans went through a lot of change with the end of slavery. Throughout this essay I will explain the legislature, economic, philosophies, leaders, movement of people and other factors that contributed to the drastic change of the African American people between 1865 to 1920. In 1865 Reconstruction stared after the end of†¦show more content†¦For blacks that did not want to return to Africa there were very few options for them if they choose to stay. The first main problem was should they stay in the South or go somewhere else to find shelter and a job. The n ext problem was to find a job. To replace the slaves plantation owner implemented share cropping. Share cropping was a form of paid slavery that gave the families that choose to work on the plantation as share croppers a plot of land to farm and a place to live. The share croppers would give a large portion of what they had farmed to the owner of the land and they would get to keep a small amount of what they had harvested for themselves to live off of. For those who had joined the Union army during the Civil War, they had to try to get what they were promised which was forty acres of land and a mule to plow it. Though promise was rarely met this was an option for some freedmen who choose to stay in the U.S. To help freedmen get what they needed such a job, food, or education the Freedmen’s Bureau was started. This bureau was started to help get recently freed slaves on their feet after the Civil War. Former slaves had a hard time finding jobs but they did it anyway. During reconstruction the Southern Democrats wanted to get rid of the collation of Republicans that controlled the post war south. The Bourbon Democrats that want to oust this collation of freedmen,Show MoreRelatedEssay about African Americans in the Civil War981 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the duration of the Civil War in 1861 to the 1920s, African Americans made significant strides toward their advancement in America and toward equity with whites. After having being subjected to white governance and enslaved for so long, their dependence generated a sense of unfamiliarity with their newly acquired emancipation. This uncertainty sparked many debates regarding the most effectual way to go about receiving their â€Å"inalienable† rights as human beings, not merely substandard NegrosRead MoreAshford 4: - Week 3 - Assignment1335 Words   |  6 PagesFor this assignment, you will choose your topic and the six (or more) related events and developments that span the years 1865 to t he present. You will then find one scholarly source related to each event or development plus two additional scholarly sources for a total of 8 scholarly sources in addition to your textbook. At least four of your scholarly sources must come from the Ashford Library and at least two of your sources must be primary sources. Primary sources are documents or artifacts thatRead MoreAfrican Americ A Transformation For Blacks1390 Words   |  6 Pagesimprovements brought about a transformation for blacks. The south was irritated at the Blacks since they had picked up their opportunity against the will of numerous southern white men. African American had their opportunity again at the same time, they needed to battle to pick up suffrage and social liberties. December 1865 imprints the most critical crossroads in history for all African American in the United States of America. Black people was free once more. They were free from bondage be that as itRead MoreCivil Conflicts and the Lives of African-Americans1196 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Plains from 1865 to 1900 The new railroads in the West occasioned by the Civil War opened up the area to economic development and new settlers. American settlers from the East entered via the Mississippi to ranch farm and mine. Native American settlers also poured from Deep South after being convinced that prosperity was only found in the West. Chinese workers constructing the railroads worsened diversity of the population in this region. The Great Plains underwent transformation because ofRead MoreHow The Great Migration Impacted The Harlem Renaissance2641 Words   |  11 Pagesand cultural movement throughout the 1920‘s and 30‘s. It was a time when much of the history of the African American people were given a voice through the creative efforts of those who were directly involved and affected by the Great Migration. It had a great impact on what life was like for these people and their families and also impacted the society as a whole. This Great Migration began at the end of the start of Wor ld War I from 1917, however many African Americans had begun migrating even beforeRead MoreEducation For Upper Class Girls2181 Words   |  9 Pageswork. Since the middle of the 19th century, women’s education began to be taken more seriously. More schools were opened that aimed to give girls a good academic education as boys. Girls also began to go to college, in America girls began to enroll from about 1870, and by 1880, they made up a third of the student population. By 1890, colleges for girls had become so familiar that the Ladies Home Journal ran a subscription selling contest, the prize was a scholarship to Vasser. For the duration ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life2165 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam S. U’Ren’s parents came to the United States from Cornwall, England. William Richard U’Ren and his wife Frances, were religious followers of John Wesley and looked at the United States, as a new start. William S. U’Ren was born in Lancaster, Wisconsin, on January 10, 1859, and would be brought up within a religious home. His mother focused on the reading of the bible and understood the stories that foretold individuals looking for a better life. At the age of 17 (1876), William left hisRead MoreThe During The Civil War Era2481 Words   |  10 Pages1975 the United States experiences growth in many areas of higher education (HE). Various publications, people, acts and legislation influenced change in thought, access, policy, practice, and assessment of HE. From the Civil War Era to the Mass Education Era we witnessed the struggle of African Americans that influenced important legislation, the Progressive Movement and the birth of the Wisconsin Idea, the publication and revision of the Student Personnel Point of View, the President’s Commission onRead MoreTap Dance: A Uniquely American Dance Form3422 Words   |  14 Pagesinvolves the intercultural fusions of English, Irish and African musical and dance traditions. The evolution of tap dance in America is further complicated by issues of race, class and gender. Unlike ballet with its formal technique, tap dance emerged from people listening to and watching each other dance, in a variety of settings, where steps were shared, stolen and reinvented. Through its metamorphosis the dance form has progressed from local entertainment, to Vaudeville shows, to Broadway showsRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesChapter 2 Study Guide Questions â€Å"The Planting of English America† 1. Discuss English treatment of the Irish and its consequence (10pts) 2. What lessons do you think English colonists learned from their early Jamestown experience? Focus on matters of fulfilling expectations, financial support, leadership skills, and relations with the Indians. What specific developments illustrate that the English living in the plantation colonies tried to apply these lessons? (25 pts) 2. Compare and contrast

Hosted Desktop Solutions for Sydney IT hub -MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHosted Desktop Solutions for Sydney IT hub. Answer: Introduction Hosted Desktop Solution is and information Technology Company which provides hosted open source information technology solutions to small and medium sized businesses. HDS is a small full service company located in the Sydney IT hub of North Ryde. It will install hardware, software, configure and manage systems, create websites, intranets and extranets. Clients currently come from design companies and other individual companies who do not see a need to internally manage their IT infrastructure as it is not a core result area. The study is done as a CIO to researching client service needs and new business opportunities (Krishna, 2007). Hosted market solutions division plan is really straight forward and focuses on all neighbor Island associations. The information contained in our customer examination table is taken clearly from the 2000 US Census and government lists and unmistakably shows that our greatest market potential is the little office and home office parcel. This area is, as information technology were, disregarded by most of our opponents in light of its low end acquiring penchants, and a reluctance to equal the genuine retail chain box movers. We will concentrate on the company publicize area with regard included and direct business courses of action changed to its novel needs, and offer a comparative nature of organization and support as are dealt with the greater associations. Medium to significant business partition buyers are adjusted to acquiring from dealers who visit their working environments. They expect the copy machine venders, office things traders, and office furniture merchants, and furthermore the area visual skilled workers, autonomous creators, or whomever, to visit their office to make their arrangements. Tragically our company target section buyers may not would like to buy from us. A powerful segment of them swing rapidly to the retail superstores, the Web, and mail demand to seek at the best cost, without understanding that there is a predominant decision for them for only a minor piece more. We will overcome this obstruction through imaginative organization offerings, and concentrated on advancing (Pawar, Gawade and Govilkar, 2016). The criticalness of information technology organization is to fathom the supervising data. There are in like manner inconveniences information technology managers overcome. The measure of data is growing, most of the data in is disconnected between the affiliations and assembled by different workplaces. They may not use a comparable methodology or procedure. Data security, quality and reliability is most observer in getting information. The sources have an impact in like manner on the sources got; they may be inside or outside. Right when the information structures don't trade properly with each other, that can realize tricky data. A basic part to fathom in an information technology organization is Data Governance. Information technology is an approach to manage supervising info rmation over the entire affiliation or association. Many will in like manner need to know expert data organization, which is a system that navigates most of the associations methodology and business. Without a structure your association won't have the ability to work genuinely. Applying these methods in Data bases, you should have the ability to talk with various divisions structures and make correct correspondence and considering your affiliation capable of particular data issues. Your arrangement and undertakings assembles diagram and concentrated adapting all through the business. Strategic Analysis Information on e-business markets, customers and procedures for cooperating are looked into. The present market for the business and the customer base are analysed and differentiated and standard e-business markets and customers. Current business associations, business methodology and techniques for cooperating are analysed and emerged from e-energized associations. Advancement and change of parts of the business through e-business systems are investigated and openings recognized. Openings are overviewed for their comparability with business targets and objectives, and a cash sparing favourable position examination driven for each (Darabont, Kiss and Domokos, 2015). The level of likely change and the suggestions for the business and its lifestyle are surveyed for each open entryway. A risk organization examination is coordinated and a plan for overseeing potential outcomes is figured according to definitive necessities. Openings are situated with respect to their achievability and re levance to the affiliation. Open entryways for improvement are joined into the affiliation's e-business method and sorted out for utilization. When we witness inside a business, we might be tempted to rely on upon its various levelled appear as a comparability to its system show. In any case, from a business technique perspective, a the reasonable business scopes of any relationship, for instance, delivering, building, exhibiting, bargains, back, and HR, are completely steady components that exist to do an association's arrangement of activity. There is no fundamental relationship between business plan outlines, an attempt's organization structure and to reinforce for finishing the methodology in workplaces, development, and systems (Creativity and Innovation as Strategic Resources in International Business Markets, 2013). Our complete target when we show business techniques is to portray what the business does in a dynamic arrangement of detail from an irregular state down to the level where documents and specific information portions in report exchanges are self-evident. In any case, when we separate strategies, the information we find will begin from many sources and at many levels of thought and granularity. Information technology ensures consistency and summit if we endeavour to answer comparative request for every strategy we encounter. If our goals are vital, we will cut a top-down approach and talking senior authorities or managers with a noteworthy picture viewpoint of a wander. This method tends to yield shapes that are amazingly powerful or extraordinarily dull, separating activity into broad, objective organized pieces. Inquire about headway and change of parts of the business through business techniques. Overview open entryways for their likeness with business targets and goals, and lead a cash sparing favorable position examination for each. Survey the level of likely change and the results for the business and its lifestyle for each open entryway. Coordinate a peril organization examination and characterize a course of action for overseeing conceivable outcomes as demonstrated by definitive necessities. Rank open entryways in regards to their sensibility and propriety to the affiliation. Fuse open entryways for advancement in the affiliation's business philosophy and compose them for use. Upgrade parts of the business innovatively using on the web developments according to the affiliation's business system. Fuse headway into the business and screen to gage handiness and extend execution. Study business improvement in meeting with customers and make proposals for improvement or further headway (El aydi and Harrison, 2010). A social guide's errand is to help both more prepared staff and newcomers appreciate the lifestyle in the new setting. In particular, information technology is the commitment of the social mentor to unveil to the mentee how things are done in the association, and how direct should be interpreted. A couple associations as a rule regard the Human Resource Division or Human Resource Boss as an association mentor (Lenz, Zimmermann and Heitmann, 2002). While diverse associations welcome or some of the time use a man or, of course assembling of people to fill in as advisers for the association from time to time. A conclusive target of a guide is to have the ability to help the individuals or agents comprehend their own potential to enable them to effectively utilize information technology The underlying stage in peril examination is choosing the sum and level of threats that a business faces. Perceive the threats that a business faces whether they are particular or broaden based. Measure each of these threats in light of that they are so obligated to happen and how much damage they could do to the business. There are a couple of strategies for recognizing risks including group conceptualizing, interviews, diagrams, hidden driver examination, review of past incident reports, SWOT examination and diagramming (HU, 2017). If a business eases or recognize the peril, information technology will benefit by having a crisis game-plan set up to deal with the condition should information technology happen. This can stretch out from a fire take-off plan to assigning an emergency coordinator to help with clearings or media contacts. Risk boss can make indicate by point courses of action deal with the probably conditions the affiliation will defy or those that will do the most harm . They ought to then bestow these courses of action to all major staff in the workplace and maybe arrange drills, give get ready or purchase equipment. Inquire about headway and change of parts of the business through business techniques. Overview open entryways for their likeness with business targets and goals, and lead a cash sparing favorable position examination for each. Survey the level of likely change and the results for the business and its lifestyle for each open entryway. Coordinate a peril organization examination and characterize a course of action for overseeing conceivable outcomes as demonstrated by definitive necessities. Rank open entryways in regards to their sensibility and propriety to the affiliation. Fuse open entryways for advancement in the affiliation's business philosophy and compose them for use. Upgrade parts of the business innovatively using on the web developments according to the affiliation's business system. Fuse headway into the business and screen to gage handiness and extend execution. Study business improvement in meeting with customers and make proposals for improvement or further headway. Affiliations can use information structures to recognize and make new things and benefits and to make new markets and to definitely change business shapes by methods for motorization. They moreover can tackle new exercises of working up impeccable online associations operations (Mukherjee, 2002). Meanwhile, the Internet and media interchanges frameworks give better capacities and openings for improvement. Combinational improvement and Open headway are two awesome cases. There are incalculable parts on the frameworks that are especially expensive or extraordinarily unprecedented preceding the establishment of the frameworks, and affiliations could unite or recombine portions or parts on the frameworks to make new improvements. Meanwhile everyone is related by methods for PCs, tablets and other mobile phones through cabled Web or remote frameworks or convenient frameworks, there are a great deal of opportunities to co-make with customers, outside associates and inside people. The essential level of the structure depicts the part the affiliation must play to make a strong air for use. These components are exceedingly fundamental and accordingly need to go about as the foundation on which productive headway utilization is based. Systems and exercises should be made to help the association upgrade its learning capacities and allow the upsides of lessons learnt to be totally leveraged. Organisations moreover need to develop the inward methods and structures to reinforce utilization wanders. This requires a consolidated approach to manage learning organization containing totally open databases that are fit for dealing with perplexing and fragile wander data (Backhaus, 2014). Fiery advancement trade arranges furthermore ought to be developed to ensure that basic wander related information can be traded beneficially and effectively from the external partner .A genuine complement similarly ought to be determined to overhauling the participation organization limit s of the association so that suitable associations can be made with outside assistants. People exchanges and other such exercises that extension the correspondence in the midst of endeavours should be utilized to update the working association between the two get-togethers and help to make a predictable exchange of information. Employee are one of your most beneficial assets in your business. By making a circumstance inside your business that stimulates inventive deduction and action you will move your delegates to share their knowledge, experience, aptitudes, proposition and recommendations? Delegates should be direct and open, encouraged to share contemplations and prepared to examine exercises without fear of backlash. There should be an affirmation that not trying anything new is every now and again the best peril. Scan for delegates who understand your vision and line up with your lifestyle however the same as you arent generally. Scan for those that may have substitute perspectives, varying establishments, interests, and limits. Having labourers with an alternative arrangement of contemplations and basic deduction strategies will easily make an imaginative approach (Hunitie, 2017). By open and harmonious to new musings. Ensure that each illustrative is asked to share new contemplations. This can be re inforced from different perspectives, for instance, specific new considerations, social affairs, proposition boxes, suggestion zone on the internal intranet, conferred conditions or conceivably rooms. Various immense associations habitually gave allocated time to their delegates to break from routine parts to propel new thoughts, this could be a labourer pull back, administered time each day or a day out of the work environment. Conclusion The HDS Company manages the general standards of agreement. Generally, an offer and its substantial acknowledgment are required keeping in mind the end goal to frame an agreement. An offer is a sign of one gathering's readiness to get into an agreement with the gathering to whom it is tended to when the last acknowledges its terms; while the acknowledgment is a consent to the terms of the offer. With a specific end goal to work out whether an announcement sums to an offer or acknowledgment, for the most part the court does not take a gander at the aim of the individual putting forth the expression; rather, it takes a gander at what his expectation ought to have had all the earmarks of being to any sensible individual. To be brief, words are to be translated as they were sensibly comprehended by the individual to whom they were talked, not as they were comprehended by the individual who talked them. This is called as the rule of target expectation. A legitimate offer demonstrates that the offer or expects to be lawfully bound upon acknowledgment. Given that the offer or exhibits such an aim, it does not make a difference what number of individuals he makes the offer to; in this way, an offer to the entirety world is superbly adequate. References Backhaus, K. (2014). From Micro to Macro: Examinations of Individual Level WorkFamily Conflict and Organizational Level Entrepreneurial Orientation.Organization Management Journal, 11(2), pp.61-61. Creativity and Innovation as Strategic Resources in International Business Markets. (2013).China-USA Business Review, 12(09). Darabont, ., Kiss, K. and Domokos, J. (2015). Performance Analysis of Remote Desktop Virtualization based on Hyper-V versus Remote Desktop Services.MACRo 2015, 1(1). Elaydi, R. and Harrison, C. (2010). Strategic motivations and choice in subsistence markets.Journal of Business Research, 63(6), pp.651-655. HU, L. (2017). SWOT Analysis and Development Strategies on Government-oriented Regional E-business PlatformBased on the Comparison with the Commercial Third-party B2B Platform.DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business and Management, (eced). Hunitie, M. (2017). THE IMPACT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE SERVICE QUALITY, EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY, EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE.International Journal of Business Research, 17(1), pp.43-50. Krishna, M. (2007). Realizing the value proposition of hosted DAM solutions A case study.Journal of Digital Asset Management, 3(1), pp.50-54. Lenz, M., Zimmermann, H. and Heitmann, M. (2002). Strategic Partnerships and Competitiveness of Business-to-Business E-Marketplaces: Preliminary Evidence from Europe.Electronic Markets, 12(2), pp.100-111. Mukherjee, A. (2002). Improving Student Understanding of Operations Management Techniques Through a Rolling Reinforcement Strategy.Journal of Education for Business, 77(6), pp.308-312. Pawar, P., Gawade, S. and Govilkar, S. (2016). Intelligent Clustering Engine Solution for Desktop Usability.International Journal of Computer Applications, 148(13), pp.7-11.

Pig Lovers and Pig Haters Essay Example

Pig Lovers and Pig Haters Essay Harris reasoning brings the history of the people and the land into account. They were nomadic pastoralist and the climate and location simply was not good to be raising pigs. They would have required too much energy to raise, for not as much output for the people. Harris took and ecological approach to explain away pig hatred. When it comes to pig lovers, Harris goes into great detail on the Marina clans in New Guiana. Long story short, they raise pigs because they are holy and need to sacrifice them to their ancestors in order to declare war and make peace. We will write a custom essay sample on Pig Lovers and Pig Haters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pig Lovers and Pig Haters specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pig Lovers and Pig Haters specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They are raised for years on end, ND take up more and more energy as the years go on. However, unlike the pig haters, the Marina people live in an area perfect for pigs. Pigs also give them necessary nutrients and protein for their fighting. Harris states, Rapport insists correctly, I believe- that in a fundamental ecological sense, the size of a groups pig surplus does indicate its productive and military strength and does validate or invalidate its territorial claims. In other words, the entire system results in an efficient distribution of plants, animals, and people in the region, from a human ecological point of view'(56). Both of his examples show materialism taking place in cultures and he goes further in to explain how these pigs actually affect the lives of the people and, in essence, help structure their everyday culture. This reading was different from Radcliff-Browns reading, because where R. B. Would give you insight into what was hipping within a culture or within a society, Harris went into explanations about why it is happening. He also went even more in depth to explain the evolution of possible theories to explain the current behavior of the societies. He didnt simply stick you with his idea and leave it at that; he resented explanations for what people during different stretches of time may have been, or were, thinking about the topic, and showed how it evolved into his own theory. R. B. , on the other hand, gave a straight forward, this is what you see, this is what you get approach. My first question is who is Cashew? I dont have much knowledge on this culture and they Just threw his name into the reading without any form of explanation on who he is/was. My second question is about the rumba tree. The reading talked about once the tree gets pulled out, the next round of fighting will begin and you ant to pull yours before your neighbor does. If the neighbor does indeed pull their tree out first, do they warn them that a fight is about to start, or do they Just attack? . Pig haters- Jews, Moslems, and Christians -God of ancient Hebrews denounced the pig as unclean, a beast that pollutes if it is tasted or touched -However, pigs convert grains and tubers into high-grade fats and protein more efficiently than any other animal Why hate? Pig is a dirty animal-(but other animals are Just as dirty)-recognized at beginning of Renaissance when rabbi Moodiness said swines flesh has a bad and damaging effect upon the body 19th cent. discovered trichinosis was caused by eating undercooked pork- verified rabbis findings (but cooked pork is fine to eat! ) Cashew must have something else in mind other than protecting the health of the people Most Jewish and Moslem theologians have stopped looking for a naturalistic basis of pig hatred. A frankly mystical stance had recently gained favor, in which the grace afforded by conformity to dietary taboos is said to depend upon not knowing exactly what Cashew had in mind and in not trying to find out. (39) Modern anthropologists Frazer- pigs like all UN-clean animals, were originally divine. This is NO help b/c other animals were also once worshiped in the Middle East Other scholars- pigs, and other animals tabooed in the Bible and Koran, were once totemic symbols of dif tribal clan s. But if we agree with this, we have to think that maybe clean animals were also totems. Author prefers Moodiness approach. Placed it in a natural context of health and disease where definite mundane and practical forces were at work. Need to adopt a broader deaf of public health that includes the essential processes by which animals, plants, and people manage to coexist in viable natural and cultural communities. Authors hype: the Bible and Koran condemned the pig because pig farming was a threat to the integrity of the basic cultural and natural ecosystems of the Middle East. (40) History shows the Hebrews were nomadic pastoralist living in arid regions. Pigs dont do well here (they cant sweat) and gain most weight when eating nuts, fruits, tubers, and grainsmaking them a direct competitor of man. (41-42) Pigs only poop and pee everywhere when temps get above 84 deg BC they deed to cool themselves off. Below 84 they keep their business and sleeping quarters separate. So only Really dirty BC of natural causes, not pigs want, but their need Pork was a luxury food. Only meat, no milk, fibers, labor 7,000-2,000 BC- 60 fold increase on human pop in mid east, so hade and water( what a pig needs) became more scarce SOCIO- pigs tasted good, but too expensive to feed them and keep them cool, so better to interdict the consumption of pork entirely, and concentrate on other livestock. (ECOLOGICAL EXPLANATION) Pig Lovers- New Guiana and the South Pacific Melanesian islands swine is holy and must be sacrificed to the ancestors and eaten on all important occasions (marriage, funeral, etc) -pigs must be sacrificed to declare war and make peace -sometimes huge feasts and all the tribes pigs are eaten at once! Vomit to make room for more) Then years to rebuild the herd Just to do it all over again. -one cannot truly be human except in the company of pigs. (46) Pig love involves sacrificing and eating of pigs on special occasions (46) The climax of pig love is the incorporation of the pig as flesh into the flesh of the human host and of the pig as spirit int o the spirit of the ancestors. (46) New Guiana- Marina people. Every 12 years each Marina subgroup, or clan, have a pig festival that is a year long (called khaki) 2-3 months after khaki, clan engages in armed combat with enemy clans, lots of death, and either loss or gain of territory. Each clan sacrifices more pigs during fighting. Now NO MORE pigs. Fighting STOPS. Plant rumba trees in sacred spot. Every adult male touches the tree as planted. War magician talks to ancestors. No more pigs, thankful to be alive, the fighting is over, no more fights as long as tree stays in ground. Now they begin raising more pigs. When enough for another major sacrifice, they uproot the tree and have another fight. This is all not crazy. Every part of this cycle is integrated within a complex, self-regulating ecosystem, that effectively adjusts the size and distribution of the Testaments (another clan) human and animal population to conform to available resources and production opportunities. (48) How do they decide when they have enough pigs to thank the ancestors properly? Marina have no calendar and numbers dont go past 3. Pig to people ratio. Women have to care for the pigs, as well as gardens, families, and household. Caring for 6 grown pigs uses half of her energy. More pigs?more people. More pigs and more people= more work for women. Pigs eat garden, they get angry, neighbors fight. Move houses away from each other= less secure = more Jittery. Women start to get angry and snap at families. Men check tree for growth, women yell, start a new khaki. Allies come to see if they are prosperous and powerful enough to continue supporting Practical explanation to love: Scarcity of meat in their diet. Pork is their best potential source of high-quality animal fat and protein. Makes good ecological sense to raise pigs. Temp and humidity ideal for pigs. Can feed by roaming through forest. BUT: Unlimited growth of pig pop can only lead to competition between man and pig. Can endanger gardens if pop. Let go too far Growing pigs take more time to feed, pulling away from feeding people Virgin land= efficiency of agricultural system plummets SO, khaki takes place Enhances the ability of the group to survive and defend its territory (55) by: Raises the level of protein intake for the entire group during the rumba truce?heather pop. By linking the khaki to then of the truce, ancestors guarantee massive doses f high-quality fats and proteins are consumed at the period of greatest social stress- in the months before the fighting Able to attract and reward allies when they are most needed-Just before the war Relationship between success in raising pigs and military power Rapport insists -correctly, I believe- that in a fundamental ecological sense, the size of a groups pig surplus does indicate its productive and military strength and does validate or invalidate its territorial claims. In other words, the entire system results in an efficient distribution of plants, animals, and people in the region, from a human ecological point of view. (56